Detailed Data Tool

An expanded data set with an interactive tool that allows you to compare state-level incarceration data for youth and adults, including racial/ethnic disparities and estimates on the impact of felony disenfranchisement.

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U.S. Total

At a Glance

Data Sources: Mueller, D. and Kluckow, R. (2025). Prisoners in 2023 – Statistical tables. Bureau of Justice Statistics; Nellis, A. (2021). The color of justice: Racial disparity in state prisons. The Sentencing Project; Puzzanchera, C., Sladky, T. J., & Kang, W. (2025). Easy access to the census of juveniles in residential placement. National Center for Juvenile Justice; Uggen, C., Larson, R., Shannon, S., Stewart, R., & Hauf, M. (2024). Locked out 2024: Four million denied voting rights due to a felony conviction. The Sentencing Project.

State		U.S. Total	Federal prisons	Alabama	Alaska	Arizona	Arkansas	California	Colorado	Connecticut	Delaware	District of Columbia	Florida	Georgia	Hawaii	Idaho	Illinois	Indiana	Iowa	Kansas	Kentucky	Louisiana	Maine	Maryland	Massachusetts	Michigan	Minnesota	Mississippi	Missouri	Montana	Nebraska	Nevada	New Hampshire	New Jersey	New Mexico	New York	North Carolina	North Dakota	Ohio	Oklahoma	Oregon	Pennsylvania	Rhode Island	South Carolina	South Dakota	Tennessee	Texas	Utah	Vermont	Virginia	Washington	West Virginia	Wisconsin
Imprisonment Rate Per 100k residents	360	43	394	202	448	596	246	290	183	275		382	449	165	490	238	351	274	305	423	617	119	261	96	328	152	652	385	438	295	327	151	125	259	167	275	240	394	545	291	300	122	299	405	341	477	186	124	314	181	328	346	378
Black/White Disparity	4.8:1	—	2.8:1	4.7:1	4.9:1	3.5:1	9.2:1	6.6:1	9.4:1	5.3:1	—	4.1:1	2.8:1	2.4:1	4.4:1	7.8:1	4.6:1	9.3:1	6.3:1	2.9:1	3.8:1	8.8:1	5:1	7:1	6.7:1	9.9:1	2.6:1	3.6:1	7.5:1	8.9:1	4.1:1	5:1	12.5:1	5.8:1	7.8:1	3.9:1	5.2:1	5.7:1	4.4:1	5.2:1	7.7:1	8.5:1	3.8:1	5.9:1	3.4:1	3.5:1	7.6:1	12.3:1	4.4:1	5.5:1	3.8:1	11.9:1	5:1
Latinx/White Disparity	2.2:1	—	—	0.6:1	1.7:1	0.6:1	2.0:1	2.2:1	3.7:1	0.1:1	—	0.7:1	0.6:1	0.4:1	1.4:1	1.5:1	0.7:1	1.4:1	1.4:1	0.4:1	0.0:1	3.6:1	0.8:1	4.0:1	0.3:1	1.9:1	0.5:1	0.5:1	0.6:1	1.9:1	0.8:1	1.8:1	2.0:1	1.8:1	3.0:1	0.9:1	2.3:1	1.1:1	0.9:1	1.0:1	2.3:1	2.6:1	0.7:1	1.5:1	0.5:1	1.1:1	1.8:1	0.2:1	0.4:1	1.2:1	0.3:1	2.1:1	1.4:1
Youth Custody Rate Per 100k youth	87	—	145	210	53	148	61	83	20	109	285	86	82	25	111	52	121	82	87	103	158	30	43	45	77	72	73	110	102	144	155	27	46	100	61	53	51	152	60	151	91	104	115	136	43	96	57	8	101	71	245	77	138
Felony Disenfranchisement Rate	1.7%	—	5.95%	0.96%	4.2%	3.77%	0.37%	0.44%	0.21%	0.83%	—	6.13%	3.25%	0.23%	2.17%	0.34%	0.57%	1.13%	0.9%	4.66%	1.58%	0	0.37%	0.14%	0.45%	0.23%	3.08%	1.7%	0.63%	0.87%	0.52%	0.21%	0.22%	0.35%	0.23%	0.9%	0.39%	0.57%	1.4%	0.42%	0.41%	0.19%	0.97%	1.92%	7.68%	2.5%	0.34%	0	4.18%	0.28%	1.1%	1.53%	2.17%

Data Sources: Mueller, D. and Kluckow, R. (2025). Prisoners in 2023 – Statistical tables. Bureau of Justice Statistics; Zeng, Z. & Minton, T.D. (2021). Census of jails, 2005-2019 – Statistical tables. Bureau of Justice Statistics; Zeng, Z. (2025). Jails report series: 2024 preliminary data release. Bureau of Justice Statistics; Zeng, Z. (2025). Jail inmates in 2023 - Statistical tables. Bureau of Justice Statistics; Kaeble, D. (2026). Probation and parole in the United States, 2024. Bureau of Justice Statistics; Nellis, A. & Barry, C. (2025). A matter of life: The scope and impact of life and long term imprisonment in the United States. The Sentencing Project.

State		U.S. Total	Federal Prisons	Alabama	Alaska	Arizona	Arkansas	California	Colorado	Connecticut	Delaware	District of Columbia	Florida	Georgia	Hawaii	Idaho	Illinois	Indiana	Iowa	Kansas	Kentucky	Louisiana	Maine	Maryland	Massachusetts	Michigan	Minnesota	Mississippi	Missouri	Montana	Nebraska	Nevada	New Hampshire	New Jersey	New Mexico	New York	North Carolina	North Dakota	Ohio	Oklahoma	Oregon	Pennsylvania	Rhode Island	South Carolina	South Dakota	Tennessee	Texas	Utah	Vermont	Virginia	Washington	West Virginia	Wisconsin
Total Incarcerated Prison and Jail	1,867,808	144,448	36,631	1,535	47,013	27,749	170,887	30,084	5,607	2,792	1,820	143,867	94,624	2,599	13,939	46,318	44,546	13,823	17,072	45,361	60,746	3,283	24,740	14,847	48,866	15,565	33,514	35,464	7,495	10,059	17,682	3,515	21,225	12,025	53,015	50,354	3,356	67,110	32,836	18,348	70,144	1,297	27,698	5,751	55,648	215,581	13,700	867	55,822	25,909	10,910	33,240	3,782
Prison Population	1,210,308	143,297	20,181	1,485	33,473	18,349	95,827	17,084	6,643	2,859	—	87,207	49,814	2,359	9,689	29,828	24,116	8,803	8,992	19,171	28,186	1,663	16,150	5,587	32,986	8,725	19,174	23,884	4,985	5,859	10,462	2,115	11,675	5,475	32,565	29,994	1,886	46,530	22,206	12,308	38,844	1,339	16,228	3,741	24,408	146,811	6,400	802	27,442	14,199	5,800	20,490	2,212
Jail Population	657,500	—	16,450	50	13,540	9,400	75,060	13,000	—	—	1,820	56,660	44,810	—	4,250	16,490	20,430	5,020	8,080	26,190	32,560	1,620	8,590	9,260	15,880	6,840	14,340	11,580	2,510	4,200	7,220	1,400	9,550	6,550	20,450	20,360	1,470	20,580	10,630	6,040	31,300	—	11,470	2,010	31,240	68,770	7,300	—	28,380	11,710	5,110	12,750	1,570
Imprisonment Rate Per 100k Residents	360	43	394	202	448	596	246	290	183	275	—	382	449	165	490	238	351	274	305	423	617	119	261	96	328	152	652	385	438	295	327	151	125	259	167	275	240	394	545	291	300	122	299	405	341	477	186	124	314	181	328	346	378
Jail Incarceration Rate Per 100k residents	198	—	335	7	186	311	190	226	—	—	258	264	422	—	238	130	303	159	277	586	700	120	142	134	159	121	482	189	235	217	234	103	107	312	105	194	193	176	269	143	244	—	223	227	457	237	228	—	332	154	285	219	271
Probation Population	3,030,540	11,280	46,860	2,160	75,410	51,620	149,410	85,670	30,080	11,080	4,630	179,980	377,940	13,600	32,360	87,670	89,590	28,320	9,050	50,960	37,220	5,880	80,510	42,760	113,510	82,300	36,750	38,510	10,090	11,070	17,210	2,570	30,710	12,970	65,990	58,770	5,970	173,950	27,500	18,510	84,540	16,610	27,420	5,660	78,410	381,330	22,050	3,820	70,080	77,550	7,850	39,760	4,750
Parole Population	663,820	104,070	5,820	1,190	6,890	22,460	38,950	8,900	2,490	300	1,730	3,720	13,520	1,090	7,000	15,960	7,420	7,100	5,370	12,060	18,240	—	9,340	1,870	9,090	6,620	10,320	15,690	1,070	1,140	5,440	1,650	15,970	2,190	23,680	10,650	560	15,150	2,180	19,500	68,150	360	3,210	3,530	11,670	95,480	3,830	690	1,420	10,600	3,110	22,240	750
Life Sentences	194,803	5,199	5,950	431	1,868	2,129	37,022	3,642	697	662	-	15,366	10,392	319	728	3,747	3,989	1,218	1,510	1,328	5,546	124	3,628	1,813	4,840	572	2,326	3,322	542	1,055	2,510	349	1,459	788	6,806	3,940	106	8,939	3,585	951	8,279	238	2,346	414	4,018	18,358	2,259	212	3,481	3,018	753	1,669	360
Life Sentences % of Prison	16%	3%	29%	10%	5%	11%	39%	21%	7%	16%	—	18%	20%	8%	7%	13%	17%	15%	17%	7%	20%	7%	23%	29%	15%	7%	12%	14%	19%	18%	24%	18%	11%	14%	21%	13%	6%	20%	17%	8%	21%	15%	14%	11%	21%	14%	35%	11%	16%	22%	12%	8%	16%
Life Without Parole	56,245	3,084	1,485	—	634	552	5,111	878	62	371	—	10,915	1,949	26	129	1,613	139	967	42	153	3,900	65	424	1,052	3,551	167	1,718	1,103	50	268	559	78	102	5	303	1,725	50	801	958	234	5,059	25	1,297	172	301	1,562	77	14	1,244	533	304	381	53
Life Without Parole % of Prison	5%	2%	7%	0	2%	3%	5%	5%	1%	9%	—	13%	4%	1%	1%	5%	1%	12%	0	1%	14%	4%	3%	17%	11%	2%	9%	5%	2%	5%	5%	4%	1%	0	1%	6%	3%	2%	4%	2%	13%	2%	8%	5%	2%	1%	1%	1%	6%	4%	5%	2%	2%
Life Without Parole - Under 25	19,914	—	404	—	211	272	2,830	331	29	130	—	3,854	572	10	22	551	49	373	10	29	1,647	15	159	471	1,750	57	628	—	6	97	110	20	29	1	97	679	5	185	251	74	2,323	7	398	54	112	514	26	5	304	108	2	92	11
Private Prison Population	88,618	13,358	221	330	9,842	0	0	2,745	538	—	—	11,637	7,658	876	598	352	3,901	0	0	834	0	—	0	—	—	0	2,237	0	2,427	0	0	—	994	1,633	0	27	273	6,466	2,741	0	419	—	85	42	6,640	9,821	0	126	1,248	0	0	—	549

Data Sources: Mueller, D. and Kluckow, R. (2025). Prisoners in 2023 – Statistical tables. Bureau of Justice Statistics.

State	Alaska	Arizona	Arkansas	California	Colorado	Connecticut	Delaware	District of Columbia	Florida	Georgia	Hawaii	Idaho	Illinois	Indiana	Iowa	Kansas	Kentucky	Louisiana	Maine	Maryland	Massachusetts	Michigan	Minnesota	Mississippi	Missouri	Montana	Nebraska	Nevada	New Hampshire	New Jersey	New Mexico	New York	North Carolina	North Dakota	Ohio	Oklahoma	Oregon	Pennsylvania	Rhode Island	South Carolina	South Dakota	Tennessee	Texas	Utah	Vermont	Virginia	Washington	West Virginia	Wisconsin	Wyoming	Select a state to get started	Select a state to get started
Men in Prison 1124435	30,513	16,815	92,017	15,711	6,259	2,769	—	81,326	46,203	2,158	8,191	28,295	21,751	8,086	8,231	16,969	26,618	1,498	15,526	5,415	31,285	8,134	17,727	21,787	4,238	5,465	9,592	1,971	11,203	4,950	31,248	27,639	1,645	42,679	20,018	11,407	36,721	1,303	15,053	3,172	22,017	135,208	5,927	762	25,545	13,326	5,181	19,194	1,956
Women in Prison 85873	2,960	1,534	3,810	1,373	384	90	—	5,881	3,611	201	1,498	1,533	2,365	717	761	2,202	1,568	165	624	172	1,701	591	1,447	2,097	747	394	870	144	472	525	1,317	2,355	241	3,851	2,188	901	2,123	36	1,175	569	2,391	11,603	473	40	1,897	873	619	1,296	256

Data Source: Mueller, D. and Kluckow, R. (2025). Prisoners in 2023 – Statistical tables. Bureau of Justice Statistics; Nellis, A. (2021). The color of justice: Racial disparity in state prisons. The Sentencing Project.

State	U.S. Total	Federal prisons	Alabama	Alaska	Arizona	Arkansas	California	Colorado	Connecticut	Delaware	District of Columbia	Florida	Georgia	Hawaii	Idaho	Illinois	Indiana	Iowa	Kansas	Kentucky	Louisiana	Maine	Maryland	Massachusetts	Michigan	Minnesota	Mississippi	Missouri	Montana	Nebraska	Nevada	New Hampshire	New Jersey	New Mexico	New York	North Carolina	North Dakota	Ohio	Oklahoma	Oregon	Pennsylvania	Rhode Island	South Carolina	South Dakota	Tennessee	Texas	Utah	Vermont	Virginia	Washington	West Virginia	Wisconsin	Wyoming	Select a state to get started	Select a state to get started
Black : White Ratio The magnitude of the Black imprisonment rate relative to the white imprisonment rate. For example, in a jurisdiction where the Black imprisonment rate is 1,000 per 100,000 Black residents and the white imprisonment rate is 200 per 100,000 white residents, the Black/white disparity would be 5:1. U.S. rate is from 2023. State rates are from 2021.	—	2.8:1	4.7:1	4.9:1	3.5:1	9.2:1	6.6:1	9.4:1	5.3:1	—	4.1:1	2.8:1	2.4:1	4.4:1	7.8:1	4.6:1	9.3:1	6.3:1	2.9:1	3.8:1	8.8:1	5.0:1	7.0:1	6.7:1	9.9:1	2.6:1	3.6:1	7.5:1	8.9:1	4.1:1	5.0:1	12.5:1	5.8:1	7.8:1	3.9:1	5.2:1	5.7:1	4.4:1	5.2:1	7.7:1	8.5:1	3.8:1	5.9:1	3.4:1	3.5:1	7.6:1	12.3:1	4.4:1	5.5:1	3.8:1	11.9:1	5.0:1
Latino : White Ratio The magnitude of the Latino imprisonment rate relative to the white imprisonment rate. For example, in a jurisdiction where the Latino imprisonment rate is 400 per 100,000 Latino residents and the white imprisonment rate is 200 per 100,000 white residents, the Latino/white disparity ratio would be 2:1. U.S. rate is from 2023. State rates are from 2021.	—	—	0.6:1	1.7:1	0.6:1	2.0:1	2.2:1	3.7:1	0.1:1	—	0.7:1	0.6:1	0.4:1	1.4:1	1.5:1	0.7:1	1.4:1	1.4:1	0.4:1	0.0:1	3.6:1	0.8:1	4.0:1	0.3:1	1.9:1	0.5:1	0.5:1	0.6:1	1.9:1	0.8:1	1.8:1	2.0:1	1.8:1	3.0:1	0.9:1	2.3:1	1.1:1	0.9:1	1.0:1	2.3:1	2.6:1	0.7:1	1.5:1	0.5:1	1.1:1	1.8:1	0.2:1	0.4:1	1.2:1	0.3:1	2.1:1	1.4:1

Data Source: Puzzanchera, C., Sladky, T. J., & Kang, W. (2025). Easy access to the census of juveniles in residential placement. National Center for Juvenile Justice.

State		U.S. Total	Federal prisons	Alabama	Alaska	Arizona	Arkansas	California	Colorado	Connecticut	Delaware	District of Columbia	Florida	Georgia	Hawaii	Idaho	Illinois	Indiana	Iowa	Kansas	Kentucky	Louisiana	Maine	Maryland	Massachusetts	Michigan	Minnesota	Mississippi	Missouri	Montana	Nebraska	Nevada	New Hampshire	New Jersey	New Mexico	New York	North Carolina	North Dakota	Ohio	Oklahoma	Oregon	Pennsylvania	Rhode Island	South Carolina	South Dakota	Tennessee	Texas	Utah	Vermont	Virginia	Washington	West Virginia	Wisconsin
Total Youth in Custody	29,314	—	762	168	399	486	2,433	474	69	108	144	1,749	858	33	249	672	894	279	285	486	771	36	270	285	768	438	234	705	114	321	504	33	432	222	1,119	573	42	1,824	270	603	1,122	99	618	138	309	2,955	255	6	879	543	414	399	87
Committed	15,428	—	357	30	168	357	1,266	267	27	45	114	897	264	21	156	204	600	123	126	156	417	18	93	123	345	228	135	444	60	99	285	27	189	102	651	243	24	915	33	486	762	81	312	48	78	1,557	174	6	321	324	195	261	69
Detained	13,285	—	333	129	228	126	1,101	204	42	60	30	831	597	12	93	465	255	138	150	309	333	18	174	162	420	210	78	252	54	186	210	3	240	120	456	330	15	900	237	105	327	6	297	90	231	1,356	81	0	525	213	201	132	15
Diverted	371	—	66	9	0	0	9	0	0	0	0	9	0	0	0	3	39	3	0	15	6	0	0	0	0	0	3	3	0	36	6	0	0	0	6	0	0	6	0	9	27	9	3	0	0	33	0	0	21	0	12	3	0
Youth Custody Rate Per 100k Youth	87	—	145	210	53	148	61	83	20	109	285	86	82	25	111	52	121	82	87	103	158	30	43	45	77	72	73	110	102	144	155	27	46	100	61	53	51	152	60	151	91	104	115	136	43	96	57	8	101	71	245	77	138
Youth Custody Rate (White) Per 100k Youth	52	—	87	179	42	95	33	47	5	33	94	72	36	17	98	18	90	49	56	60	51	29	12	15	40	32	36	75	65	60	95	24	6	114	21	18	19	77	30	137	44	73	54	54	21	63	33	9	39	46	225	31	129
Youth Custody Rate (Black) Per 100k Youth	293	—	299	567	192	448	275	504	86	351	407	254	175	145	319	231	338	482	555	484	358	78	104	215	269	312	120	365	930	1,029	677	122	241	574	266	165	174	559	378	701	380	451	213	355	138	293	435	0	322	423	865	507	522
Youth Custody Rate (Latinx) Per 100k Youth	65	—	54	0	51	46	69	96	23	0	132	16	32	14	135	26	58	85	82	49	27	70	26	79	51	39	84	70	123	143	91	33	35	94	40	19	56	96	52	162	68	46	185	40	17	81	127	0	73	89	216	56	129
Youth Custody Rate (American Indian) Per 100k Youth	199	—	149	486	49	0	270	0	0	0	0	69	0	0	688	0	0	535	0	423	0	0	0	261	54	640	0	130	356	1,064	121	0	0	62	0	80	302	173	56	695	0	0	557	724	0	40	247	0	0	182	0	329	341
Youth Custody Rate (Asian) Per 100k Youth	14	—	39	98	12	78	8	0	0	0	0	10	0	25	100	4	84	60	0	32	0	0	7	0	17	38	88	0	0	97	26	0	3	0	6	0	0	18	0	80	11	0	29	0	0	11	24	0	5	25	241	14	0

Data Source: Uggen, C., Larson, R., Shannon, S., Stewart, R., & Hauf, M. (2024). Locked out 2024: Four million denied voting rights due to a felony conviction. The Sentencing Project.

State	U.S. Total	Federal prisons	Alabama	Alaska	Arizona	Arkansas	California	Colorado	Connecticut	Delaware	District of Columbia	Florida	Georgia	Hawaii	Idaho	Illinois	Indiana	Iowa	Kansas	Kentucky	Maine	Maryland	Massachusetts	Michigan	Minnesota	Mississippi	Missouri	Montana	Nebraska	Nevada	New Hampshire	New Jersey	New Mexico	New York	North Carolina	North Dakota	Ohio	Oklahoma	Oregon	Pennsylvania	Rhode Island	South Carolina	South Dakota	Tennessee	Texas	Vermont	Virginia	Washington	West Virginia	Wisconsin
Disenfranchised population Millions of voting-eligible U.S. citizens are barred from voting due to a felony conviction. Three-quarters of the disenfranchised population are living in our communities, having fully completed their sentences or remaining supervised while on probation or parole.	—	227,437	5,145	214,791	84,099	97,608	18,728	5,449	6,214	—	961,757	249,699	2,390	29,143	31,003	28,616	26,878	19,040	158,381	54,746	16,270	7,360	34,557	9,572	68,731	79,479	5,330	12,200	11,182	2,246	14,087	5,331	33,046	69,888	2,265	50,616	40,470	13,432	41,282	1,595	37,838	12,603	399,684	479,097	7,411	264,292	15,577	15,696	68,279	9,437
Felony Disenfranchisement Rate The percentage of voting-eligible U.S. residents in a jurisdiction who are disenfranchised due to a felony conviction.	—	5.95%	0.96%	4.2%	3.77%	0.37%	0.44%	0.21%	0.83%	—	6.13%	3.25%	0.23%	2.17%	0.34%	0.57%	1.13%	0.9%	4.66%	1.58%	0.37%	0.14%	0.45%	0.23%	3.08%	1.7%	0.63%	0.87%	0.52%	0.21%	0.22%	0.35%	0.23%	0.9%	0.39%	0.57%	1.4%	0.42%	0.41%	0.19%	0.97%	1.92%	7.68%	2.5%	0.34%	4.18%	0.28%	1.1%	1.53%	2.17%
Disenfranchised Black population	—	82,684	443	24,371	25,405	27,273	3,284	2,259	3,309	—	293,308	129,080	111	713	16,587	8,545	5,968	4,853	30,095	33,819	11,409	2,097	16,559	3,367	43,744	18,904	131	2,615	3,428	166	8,554	362	16,142	31,480	280	21,233	9,943	1,172	19,131	485	19,427	977	133,327	131,290	577	120,606	2,666	1,810	22,029	287
Black Felony Disenfranchisement Rate The percentage of the voting-eligible African American population that is barred from voting due to a felony conviction.	—	8.28%	2.52%	10.54%	7.6%	1.61%	2%	0.85%	2.08%	—	12.74%	5.22%	0.48%	9.06%	1.26%	1.92%	8.67%	4.13%	11.67%	3.15%	0.85%	0.65%	1.64%	1.59%	5.37%	3.76%	3.21%	4.46%	1.64%	1.25%	0.99%	1.11%	0.76%	1.89%	2.42%	2.04%	4.84%	2.13%	1.89%	1.09%	1.93%	10.78%	16.03%	5.19%	2.63%	9.84%	1.32%	3.67%	8.92%	8.59%
Disenfranchised Latino population	—	2,462	143	71,475	3,258	44,402	5,585	1,536	417	—	100,144	5,335	59	3,340	3,810	1,145	2,332	2,700	3,014	507	789	1,903	851	498	656	1,823	179	1,877	2,808	145	2,106	3,227	7,771	4,293	130	1,319	3,521	1,680	4,006	451	828	483	10,204	173,485	1,571	5,328	2,534	131	8,341	1,048
Latino Felony Disenfranchisement Rate The percentage of the voting-eligible Latino population that is barred from voting due to a felony conviction.	—	2.81%	0.43%	5.68%	3.43%	0.54%	0.78%	0.44%	0.92%	—	2.99%	1.23%	0.06%	2.81%	0.33%	0.49%	2.49%	1.61%	4.35%	0.44%	0.29%	0.4%	0.29%	0.34%	1.52%	1.29%	0.64%	1.93%	0.62%	0.43%	0.2%	0.48%	0.36%	1.11%	0.71%	0.5%	1.83%	0.61%	0.69%	0.48%	0.64%	2.74%	7.04%	2.87%	0.74%	1.34%	0.55%	0.68%	4.22%	3.19%

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